Evaluation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Findings in Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: To compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings of the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and corpus callosum (CC) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and a healthy control (HC) group.
Materials and Methods: The CIS (n = 10), RRMS (n = 29), and HC (n = 13) groups were evaluated by DTI in this retrospective study. Mean diffusion (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps as well as MD and FA measurements were made from the corpus callosum genu (CCG), corpus callosum splenium (CCS), and NAWM areas from the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes.
Results: The mean FA values of the NAWM in the temporal lobes were bilaterally lower in both the CIS and RRMS groups than in the HC group. However, no difference was found between the CIS and RRMS groups. In addition, the CIS group had lower FA values in the CCG, whereas the RRMS group had lower FA values in the CCS compared with the HC group. The MD values were significantly different in the CCG between the RRMS and HC groups.
Conclusion: DTI contributes to detecting early changes in the NAWM and CC in patients diagnosed with CIS and RRMS. Additionally, DTI can aid in the follow-up care and management of these patients.